In fact, the theater at Syracuse-one of the largest ever built in antiquity-continues to be a celebrated destination for dramatic performances. It boasted major temples, as well as civic buildings and monuments. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Public Domainīy this time, Syracuse as a cosmopolitan city rivaled any other in the Greek world. During the fourth century B.C., ostentatious grave monuments in the form of small temple-like buildings decorated with painted sculpture filled the city cemetery. Tarentum (modern Taranto) was a wealthy Greek colony on the southeast coast of Italy, a pivotal location along the trade routes between Greece and Italy. Limestone funerary relief (c.325–300 BCE). East Greek artists also emigrated to Etruria, where they settled at Caere, an Etruscan city on the Italian coast. In the ensuing centuries, the Greeks continued to live in these eastern regions, but always maintained contact with the Greek mainland. Garnets, emeralds, rubies, and amethysts were incorporated into new types of Hellenistic jewelry, more stunning than ever before. These new trade routes introduced Greek art to cultures in the East, and also exposed Greek artists to a host of artistic styles and techniques, as well as precious stones. 336–323 B.C.), more extensive trade routes were opened across Asia, extending as far as Afghanistan and the Indus Valley. After the unprecedented military campaign of Alexander the Great (r. In the seventh century B.C., contacts with itinerant eastern craftsmen, notably on Crete and Cyprus, inspired Greek artists to work in techniques as diverse as gem cutting, ivory carving, jewelry making, and metalworking. Likewise, well-established maritime trade routes around the Mediterranean basin enabled foreigners to travel to Greece. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Public Domain This jar belongs to a small group of distinctive hydriae found in Etruria that are believed to have been produced by East Greek craftsmen who had emigrated to Caere, an Etruscan city on the Italian coast, north of Rome. Terracotta hydria (water jar, c.520–510 BCE).
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